Aortic stenosis
| Assess the aortic valve morphology and sub- and supravalve areas |
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| Measure the aortic root (at 3 levels if dilated) |
| Measure left ventricle dimensions and assess function |
| Measure septal and posterior wall thickness to quantify hypertrophy |
| Identify area of narrowing with imaging and colour Doppler studies |
| Measure maximum spectral velocity from at least 2 sites |
| • apical 5 chamber, suprasternal, right parasternal |
| Assess severity of aortic regurgitation |
| • left ventricular size and width of backflow jet into the ventricle |
| Transoesophageal imaging may be of assistance to determine site of obstruction |
| Remember spectral assessment of gradient unreliable in subaortic stenosis |