Studies investigating the serological association between C pneumoniae and atherosclerosis
| Study | Case control1-150 | Association with1-151 | Diagnostic antibody titre1-152 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IgG | IgA | ICs | |||||
| Prospective studies | |||||||
| Saikku (1992)19 | 103 v 103 Cardiac death or MI | 2.2 (1.1– 4.5) 2.6 (1.2–5.2) 6 months before event but not 5 years before | IgG ⩾ 128 and/or IC or IgA ⩾ 64 and/or IC | ||||
| Miettinen (1996)20 | 162v 636 (NIDDM) 40v 1155 (No DM) Cardiac death or MI | 32% v 15%. 2.44 (0.98–6.08) Only in non-diabetic men in East Finland | IgG ⩾ 128 and IgA ⩾ 40 | ||||
| Ossewaarde (1998)29 | 54v 108 Cardiac death or MI or angina | 52% v 34% 2.8 (1.3–5.8) | No | No | ELISA | ||
| Nieto (1997)30 | 256v 550 Cardiac death, MI or revascularisation | No | IgG ⩾ 64 | ||||
| Siscovick (1998)31 | 100 v 183 Cardiac death or MI | No | Not stated (abstract) | ||||
| Cross sectional studies | |||||||
| Diedrichs (1997)21 | 131 v 63 CA | 66% v 48% | 44%v 22% | ||||
| Halme (1997)22 | 93 v 115 CA | 100% v 61% (in men only) | No | IgG ⩾ 128 and/or IgA ⩾ 40 | |||
| Saikku (1988)23 | 70 v 41 MI or stable angina | 49% v 15% 5.5 (2.1–14.7) | 41% v 10% | IgG ⩾ 128 IgA ⩾ 32 | |||
| Cook (1998)24 | 176v 1518 CVA | Acute infection 13.6% v 5.7% 4.2 (2.5–7.1) | IgG ⩾ 512 or 4 fold IgG rise or IgM ⩾ 8 | ||||
| Chronic infection 32.4% v 12.7% 4.4 (3–6.5) | IgG ⩾ 64 and ⩽ 256 or IgA ⩾ 8 | ||||||
| Mazzoli (1998)25 | 29v 74 MI | 82%v 34% | 71% v14.9% | ||||
| Dahlen (1995)32 | 60v 60 | 93.3% v78.3% 3.56 (1–16.1) | No | IgG ⩾ 32 IgA ⩾ 16 | |||
| Mendall (1995)33 | 100 v64 CA | 22% v 5% 7.4 (1.7–33.1) | No | IgG ⩾ 64 IgA not stated | |||
| Blasi (1997)28 | 61 v 61 MI | 57% v 30% 3.2 (1.5–6.8) | No | IgG ⩾ 16 IgA ⩾ 16 | |||
| Thom (1991)34 | 461 v 95 CA | 22% v 13% 2 (1–4) | IgG ⩾ 64 | ||||
| Thom (1992)35 | 171v 120 CA | 67%v 56% 2.6 (1.4–4.8) | IgG ⩾ 8 | ||||
| Melnick (1993)36 | 326 matched pairs. Carotid doppler | 73% v 63% 2 (1.2–3.4) | IgG ⩾ 8 | ||||
| Patel (1995)37 | 83v 305 Rose questionaire, ECG | 30%v 18% 2.25 (1.1–4.6) | IgG ⩾ 64 | ||||
| Thomas (1997)38 | 83 v93 MI/IHD | 71.1% v 31.2% 5.4 (2.7–10.9) | IgG ⩾ 16 | ||||
| Toss (1998)39 | 256v 190 Unstable angina | Seroprevalence not reported | 36% v 19%. | IgG ⩾ 16 IgA ⩾ 64 | |||
| Wimmer (1996)40 | 58v 52 CVA | No | 47%v 23% 1.7 (1.1–2.7) | 24%v 8% 2 (1.1–3.8) | IgG ⩾ 32 IgA ⩾ 16 | ||
| Leinonen (1990)16 | 42v 41 MI | No | No | 57%v 12% 10 (3–29) | IgG ⩾ 128 IgA ⩾ 32 | ||
| Leinonen (1994)17 | 95v 139 MI | No | No | 58%v 26% 4 (2–7) | IgG ⩾ 32 and ⩽ 128 IgA ⩾ 8 and ⩽ 32 | ||
| Weiss (1996)18 | 65v 28 CA | No | No | All titres considered | |||
| Kark (1997)26 | 302v 486 MI | No | No | No | All titres considered | ||
| Boman (1998)27 | 101v 52 | No | No | ||||
| Linnanmaki (1993)41 | 46 v 46 CA | No | 41% v 15% 4 (1.4–11) | IgG ⩾ 32 | |||
| Anderson (1998)42 | 124v 97 CA | No | IgG ⩾ 16 | ||||
↵1-150 Number of cases and controls in final analysis and diagnosis of cases.
↵1-151 Percentage of cases and controls who are seropositive or who have immune complexes (ICs). Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Adjusted figures are shown where reported by the authors.
↵1-152 Microimmunofluorescence test unless indicated
CA, coronary arteriograms; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; MI, myocardial infarction; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; NIDDM, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; DM, diabetes mellitus; ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.