Comparison of distal left anterior coronary artery diameter, flow velocities, and flow reserve between endurance athletes and sedentary controls
| Resting | Hyperaemic | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Athletes | Controls | p Value | Athletes | Controls | p Value | ||
| PSV (m/s) | 0.06 (0.08) | 0.11 (0.04) | 0.02 | 0.27 (0.25) | 0.21 (0.19) | NS | ||
| PDV (m/s) | 0.18 (0.06) | 0.27 (0.08) | < 0.01 | 0.90 (0.20) | 0.77 (0.19) | 0.02 | ||
| VTI (mm) | 90 (21) | 117 (26) | < 0.01 | 432 (83) | 364 (62) | < 0.01 | ||
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 56.5 (7.9) | 68.7 (8.8) | < 0.01 | 68.4 (13.7) | 77.5 (10.4) | 0.02 | ||
| Flow (ml/min) | 10.6 (3.1) | 14.3 (3.6) | < 0.01 | 61.9 (17.8) | 51.1 (14.6) | 0.02 | ||
| Flow (ml/min/100 g) | 4.4 (1.2) | 8.2 (2.2) | < 0.01 | 25.9 (5.6) | 28.5 (7.4) | NS | ||
| Coronary flow reserve | – | – | – | 5.9 (1.0) | 3.7 (0.7) | < 0.01 | ||
Peak systolic velocity (PSV), peak diastolic velocity (PDV), and velocity–time integral (VTI) are angle corrected values.