Some proteins with potential roles in the regulation of vascular calcification
| Protein | Possible function |
| Collagen type I | May act as a nucleator55 56 |
| Elastin | May act as a nucleator49 |
| Bone sialoprotein | May act as a nucleator37 |
| Osteopontin | Adhesion molecule binding cells to apatite and inhibiting crystal growth by binding to crystal surfaces36 |
| Inhibitor of hydroxyapatite nucleation in vitro36 | |
| Osteonectin | High affinity for apatite and collagen57 |
| Matrix Gla protein | Found in association with areas of vascular calcification43 |
| Gla residues capable of binding hydroxyapatite58 | |
| Inhibition of Gla formation by warfarin leads to medial and valvar calcification in rats45 | |
| Possible inhibitor of calcification as mouse knockout has medial vascular calcification38 | |
| Osteocalcin | Gla residues capable of binding hydroxyapatite58 |
| BMP-2 | Osteogenic differentiation factor expressed in areas of vascular calcification47 |
| Osteoprotegerin | Osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor59 |
| Soluble member of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family59 | |
| Possible inhibitor of calcification as mouse knockout has medial vascular calcification40 | |
| Klotho | Possible inhibitor of calcification as mouse knockout has medial vascular calcification39 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Possible inhibitor of calcification as mouse knockout has medial vascular calcification41 |
| Fibrillin-I | Possible inhibitor of calcification as mouse knockout has medial vascular calcification42 |