Results of major studies of pacemaker lead extraction
| Technique | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Locking stylets only | Conventional counter traction with telescoping sheaths | Laser assisted counter traction | |||
| Author | Altet al 6 | Smithet al 11 | Byrdet al 12 | Kennergren9 | Reiseret al 10 |
| Number of patients | 105 | 1299 | 2338 | 149 | 1463 |
| Number of leads extracted | 150 | 2195 | 3540 | 179 | 2249 |
| Complete extraction (%) | 81 | 86.8 | 93 | 89.5 | 90 |
| Partial extraction (%) | 12 | 7.5 | 5 | 6 | 3 |
| Failure (%) | 7 | 5.8 | 2 | 4.5 | 7 |
| Major complications (%) | 0 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 3.3 |
| Death (%) | 0 | 0.6 | 0.04 | 0 | 0.8 |