Univariate predictors of all cause mortality
| Factor | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p Value |
| Increasing age (per 5 years) | 1.6 (1.4 to 1.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Sex (malev female) | 1.8 (1.1 to 3.0) | 0.02 |
| Former smoker v non-smoker | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.8) | 0.009 |
| Current smoker vnon-smoker | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.7) | 0.99 |
| LVEF ⩽ 30% | 6.0 (2.9 to 12.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 3.4 (1.4 to 8.4) | 0.009 |
| IHD | 4.2 (2.5 to 6.8) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 3.8 (2.3 to 6.1) | < 0.001 |
| BNP ⩾ 17.9 pg/ml | 5.1 (3.1 to 18.4) | < 0.0001 |
| N-ANP ⩾ 1.76 ng/ml | 3.4 (2.0 to 5.7) | < 0.0001 |
Age was treated as a continuous variable; all other factors were categorical. With the exception of smoking all other covariates were dichotomous; smoking was divided into current, former or never. Hazard ratios were calculated for the presence of the risk factor shown compared with its absence.
BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; N-ANP, N-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide.