1. Establish cardiac situs and connections as defined in table 3 | ||
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2. Examine the morphology and function (two dimensional echo), flow and haemodynamics (colour and spectral Doppler) of each structure as follows: | ||
Protocol | Assessment | Examples |
Systemic “circuit” | ||
Atrium | Atrial morphology | Cor triatriatum |
Pulmonary venous connections | Anomalous drainage | |
Pulmonary venous baffle | Mustard/Senning | |
Atrial septum | ASD | |
AV connection | Atrioventricular septum | Partial, intermediate, complete AVSD |
AV valve morphology | Cleft, accessory, parachute mitral valve | |
Supramitral ring | ||
Ventricle | Morphology, size and function | |
Ventricular septum | VSD | |
Outflow tract | Subaortic membrane, tunnel, HOCM | |
VA connection | Aortic valve | Bicuspid, etc. |
Great artery | Aorta | Transposition, Malposition etc. |
Truncus arteriosus | ||
PDA, aortopulmonary window | ||
Coarctation | ||
Blalock-Taussig, Waterston, Potts shunts | ||
Pulmonary “circuit” | ||
Atrium | Atrial morphology | Fontan connections |
Coronary sinus | Left SVC, unroofed CS | |
AV connection | AV valve morphology | Ebsteins anomaly |
Ventricle | Morphology, size and function | |
Outflow tract | Right ventricular infundibular stenosis | |
Double chamber right ventricle | ||
Tetralogy of Fallot | ||
VA connection | Pulmonary valve | Bicuspid, etc. |
Great artery | Pulmonary arteries | Supra PS |
Branch PS |
AV, atrioventricular; ASD, atrial septal defect; AVSD, atrioventricular septal defect; CS, coronary sinus; HOCM, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; PS, pulmonary stenosis; SVC, superior vena cava; VA, ventriculoatrial; VSD, ventricular septal defect.