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Trends in Prevalence of Diabetes Among Delivery Hospitalizations, United States, 1993–2009

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Abstract

To describe recent trends in prevalence of pre-existing diabetes mellitus (PDM) (i.e., type 1 or type 2 diabetes) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among delivery hospitalizations in the United States. Data on delivery hospitalizations from 1993 through 2009 were obtained from the Health Care Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Diagnosis-Related Group codes were used to identify deliveries and diagnosis codes on presence of diabetes. Rates of hospitalizations with diabetes were calculated per 100 deliveries by type of diabetes, hospital geographic region, patient’s age, degree of urbanicity of patient’s residence, categorized median household income for patient’s ZIP Code, expected primary payer, and type of delivery. From 1993 to 2009, age-standardized prevalence of diabetes per 100 deliveries increased from 0.62 to 0.90 for PDM (trend p < 0.001) and from 3.09 to 5.57 for GDM (trend p < 0.001). In 2009, correlates of PDM at delivery included older age [40–44 vs. 15–24: odds ratio 6.45 (95 % CI 5.27–7.88)], Medicaid/Medicare versus private payment sources [1.77 (95 % CI 1.59–1.98)], patient’s ZIP Code with a median household income in bottom quartile versus other quartiles [1.54 (95 % CI 1.41, 1.69)], and C-section versus vaginal delivery [3.36 (95 % CI 3.10–3.64)]. Correlates of GDM at delivery were similar. Among U.S. delivery hospitalizations, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing. In 2009, the prevalence of diabetes was higher among women in older age groups, living in ZIP codes with lower household incomes, or with public insurance.

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Acknowledgments

A.C., B.H.B. and L.S.G. researched data, contributed to discussion, wrote the manuscript, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. A.E. researched data, contributed to discussion, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. E.G contributed to discussion, wrote the manuscript, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. This study was possible because of the statewide data collection efforts of the organizations that contributed to the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project: www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/hcupdatapartners.jsp.

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No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 350 Woodrow Wilson Drive, Suite 701, Jackson, MS, 39213, USA

    Adolfo Correa

  2. Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Barbara Bardenheier, Linda S. Geiss & Edward Gregg

  3. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD, USA

    Anne Elixhauser

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  1. Adolfo Correa
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  2. Barbara Bardenheier
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  4. Linda S. Geiss
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Correspondence to Adolfo Correa.

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Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

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Correa, A., Bardenheier, B., Elixhauser, A. et al. Trends in Prevalence of Diabetes Among Delivery Hospitalizations, United States, 1993–2009. Matern Child Health J 19, 635–642 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-014-1553-5

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