Chest pain and “normal” coronary arteries—Role of small coronary arteries
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2008, MicrocirculationThe Pathophysiology and Clinical Course of the Normal Coronary Angina Syndrome (Cardiac Syndrome X)
2008, Progress in Cardiovascular DiseasesCitation Excerpt :Furthermore, a proportion of patients may also simultaneously exhibit a profoundly abnormal coronary microvascular vasoconstrictive response (as investigated by coronary responses to ergonevine, hand grip, and/or cold pressor test). The earliest body of convincing data indicating microvascular dysfunction in syndrome X is derived from work by Cannon et al12-17 in the early 1980s. In a series of elegant classical experimental protocols, they measured great cardiac vein (GCV) flow (by thermodilution) and coronary vascular resistance (derived from the ratio of mean arterial blood pressure to GCV flow) as surrogate markers for coronary microvascular vasodilator function in response to a combination of metabolic (rapid right atrial pacing—endothelium-dependent response) and pharmacological (using the arteriolar vasodilator dipyridamole—endothelium-independent response) stimuli.17
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