Clinical Studies
Angiographic and clinical outcome following coronary stenting of small vessels: A comparison with coronary stenting of large vessels

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00444-6Get rights and content
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Abstract

Objectives. Stent implantation reduces restenosis in vessels ≥3 mm compared with balloon angioplasty, but few data are available for stents implanted in vessels <3 mm. The aim of this study was to evaluate immediate and follow-up patient outcomes after stent implantation in vessels <3 mm compared to stent implantation in vessels ≥3 mm.

Methods. Between March 1993 and May 1996, a total of 1,298 consecutive patients (1,673 lesions) underwent coronary stenting. The study population was divided into two groups based on angiographic vessel diameter. In case of multivessel stenting, patients were randomly assigned only one lesion. Group I included 696 patients (696 lesions) in whom stents were implanted in vessels ≥3 mm, and group II included 602 patients (602 lesions) in whom stents were implanted in vessels <3 mm.

Results. There was no difference in procedural success (95.4% in group I and 95.9% in group II), or subsequent subacute stent thrombosis (1.5% in group I and 1.4% in group II, p = NS). The postprocedure residual diameter stenosis was 3.31 ± 12.4% in group I and −2.45 ± 16.2% in group II. Angiographic follow-up was performed in 75% of patients, restenosis occurred in 19.9% of patients in group I and 32.6% in group II (p <0.0001). Absolute lumen gain was significantly higher in group I compared to group II, but absolute late lumen loss was similar in the two groups (1.05 ± 0.91 mm in group I vs. 1.11 ± 0.85 mm in group II, p = NS). Subsequently, the loss index was more favorable in group I (0.45 vs. 0.56; p = 0.0006). Independent predictors of freedom from restenosis by multivariate logistic regression in the total population were: larger baseline reference diameter (odds ratio 2.032 p = 0.006), larger postprocedure minimal stent cross-sectional area (odds ratio 1.190, p = 0.0001) and shorter lesions (odds ratio 1.037, p = 0.01). At long-term clinical follow-up, patients with small vessels had a lower rate of event-free survival (63% vs. 71.3%, p = 0.007).

Conclusions. Coronary stenting can be performed in small vessels with a high success rate and low incidence of stent thrombosis. However, the long-term angiographic and clinical outcome of patients undergoing stent implantation in small vessels is less favorable than that of patients with large vessels.

Abbreviations

ACT
activated clotting time
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft surgery
CI
confidence interval
CSA
cross-sectional area
ECG
electrocardiogram
IVUS
intravascular ultrasound
MI
myocardial infarction
MLD
minimum lumen diameter
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
TIMI
thrombolysis in myocardial infarction

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