Preventive cardiologyRelation of heart rate at rest and mortality in the Women's Health and Aging Study☆
Section snippets
Study population
The study population is from the Women's Health and Aging Study I (WHAS I), a longitudinal study sponsored by the Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry of the National Institute on Aging and conducted by The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. The WHAS I was designed to identify and study the approximately 1/3 most disabled women living in the community who were aged ≥65 years.
The details of selection criteria and study design have been previously described in detail.4 Briefly, a
Results
Valid electrocardiographic data were available for 953 participants. Patients with pacemakers were excluded. Major electrocardiographic abnormalities (29%, n = 278) were classified as major Q/QS waves (8%), left ventricular hypertrophy (1%), isolated major ST-T-wave abnormality (0.6%), atrial fibrillation or flutter (4%), first-degree atrioventricular block (7%), and ventricular conduction defects (12%). After excluding participants with missing mortality data (n = 11), 942 participants
Discussion
In the total population of women and in women who had no heart disease or electrocardiographic abnormalities, we found that the HR ≥90 group had a twofold increased risk of mortality over the 3-year follow-up period compared with the HR 60 to 89 group when adjusted for age, disease status, cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity, and physical and pulmonary function. The HR <60 group did not show any increased risk of mortality compared with the HR 60 to 89 group.
With multiple competing
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Cited by (43)
Resting heart rate and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality – A systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies
2017, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular DiseasesCitation Excerpt :All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata, version 12.0 software (StataCorp, Texas, US). Eighty eight publications [3,6–86,97–102] with data from 87 prospective studies were included in the analyses (Fig. 1, Supplementary Tables 3–9). Thirty five studies were from Europe, 22 studies were from the US, and 27 studies were from Asia (including a pooled analysis of 12 Asian cohort studies [19]), one study was from Australia, and two studies were international studies (Supplementary Tables 3–9).
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2013, Heart RhythmCitation Excerpt :Multiple studies have found that an elevated resting heart rate is associated with mortality risk1–5 including that attributable to sudden cardiac death6 and cardiovascular disease.7
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This study was supported by contract NO1-AG-1-2112 from the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.