Clinical InvestigationLeft Ventricular FunctionNormal Ranges of Left Ventricular Strain: A Meta-Analysis
Section snippets
Search Strategy
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library database using the key terms “strain,” “speckle tracking,” “echocardiography,” and “left ventricle,” completing this search on August 8, 2011. To ensure the identification of all relevant trials, the reference lists of these articles were scrutinized to further identify studies pertinent to the topic. The search was limited to adult human studies published in English; abstracts without full text, review articles, editorial comments, and
Study Selection
In total, 201 titles were screened for relevance, of which there were 28 valid studies of GLS in a total of 2,597 subjects, from which 24 articles were considered eligible (Figure 1). From 24 articles, 13 articles (14 studies) with a total of 599 patients were eligible for the meta-analysis of GCS and 12 articles with 568 patients for GRS. The patient characteristics of the included studies are listed in Table 1.14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,
Discussion
This is the first synthesis of the literature on the normal range of global strain. Although it emphasizes the association of strain with systolic blood pressure, differences in vendor and other variables shown to be important in individual studies were not an explanation of between-study differences. There is no current consensus on normal values of GCS and GRS, and our study is the first to define normal values of these parameters on the basis of a meta-analysis. These findings show that
References (43)
- et al.
Current and evolving echocardiographic techniques for the quantitative evaluation of cardiac mechanics: ASE/EAE consensus statement on methodology and indications endorsed by the Japanese Society of Echocardiography
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
(2011) - et al.
Global 2-dimensional strain as a new prognosticator in patients with heart failure
J Am Coll Cardiol
(2009) - et al.
Use of myocardial strain to assess global left ventricular function: a comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance and 3-dimensional echocardiography
Am Heart J
(2009) - et al.
High spatial resolution speckle tracking improves accuracy of 2-dimensional strain measurements: an update on a new method in functional echocardiography
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
(2007) - et al.
Noninvasive myocardial strain measurement by speckle tracking echocardiography: validation against sonomicrometry and tagged magnetic resonance imaging
J Am Coll Cardiol
(2006) - et al.
Myocardial strain measurement with 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography: definition of normal range
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging
(2009) - et al.
Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: the QUOROM statement
Lancet
(1999) - et al.
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
Control Clin Trials
(1986) - et al.
Longitudinal strain and torsion assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking correlate with the serum level of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, a marker of myocardial fibrosis, in patients with hypertension
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
(2008) - et al.
Importance of left ventricular longitudinal function and functional reserve in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation: assessment by two-dimensional speckle tracking
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
(2008)
Relation between global left ventricular longitudinal strain assessed with novel automated function imaging and biplane left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with coronary artery disease
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
Left ventricular mechanics in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: systolic-diastolic coupling and torsion
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
Comprehensive evaluation of left ventricular strain using speckle tracking echocardiography in normal adults: comparison of three-dimensional and two-dimensional approaches
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
Left ventricular deformation and two-dimensional echocardiography: temporal and other parameter values in normal subjects
Rev Esp Cardiol
Reference values for myocardial two-dimensional strain echocardiography in a healthy pediatric and young adult cohort
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
Left ventricular hypertrophy causes different changes in longitudinal, radial, and circumferential mechanics in patients with hypertension: a two-dimensional speckle tracking study
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
Left ventricular mechanics in asymptomatic normotensive and hypertensive patients with aortic regurgitation
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
Reversible left ventricular regional non-uniformity quantified by speckle-tracking displacement and strain imaging in patients with acute pulmonary embolism
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
Normal left ventricular mechanical function and synchrony values by speckle-tracking echocardiography in the transplanted heart with normal ejection fraction
J Heart Lung Transplant
Feasibility and accuracy of different techniques of two-dimensional speckle based strain and validation with harmonic phase magnetic resonance imaging
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
Reproducibility and inter-vendor variability of left ventricular deformation measurements by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
Cited by (677)
Longitudinal Strain Patterns in Stress (Takotsubo) Cardiomyopathy: Evidence of Global Myocardial Injury and Incomplete Recovery
2024, American Journal of CardiologyStrain imaging as an early predictor in acute myocardial infarction – An augmented cross-sectional study
2024, Indian Heart JournalGlobal Longitudinal Strain as Predictor of Inducible Ischemia in No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in the CIAO-ISCHEMIA Study
2024, Journal of the American Society of EchocardiographyStraining for More Evidence
2023, JACC: CardioOncology