A nonreciprocal fiber-optic interferometer is demonstrated in an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. The increased power efficiency of this system provides a 4.1-dB advantage over standard Michelson implementations. In addition, a new linear-scanning fiber-optic catheter is demonstrated that avoids the rotary optical junction that is required in circumferential scanning systems. These advancements have permitted the clinical implementation of OCT imaging in the human gastrointestinal tract.