A 22-year-old man had severe pulmonary congestion and required mechanical ventilation. Endocarditis was suspected because a 2/6 systolic murmur was heard at the apex and because Osler nodes were present. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography allowed correct diagnosis of papillary muscle rupture causing massive mitral regurgitation. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of papillary muscle rupture caused by bacterial endocarditis diagnosed by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography.