Objectives: To examine the diameter and distensibility of the abdominal aorta in patients with severe alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, and to compare the results with those of normal subjects.
Material and methods: Abdominal aortic diameter and stiffness (beta) was measured using echo-tracking sonography in 19 men (mean age 50, range 25-79) and 17 women (mean age 46, range 26-62) with severe alpha 2-antitrypsin deficiency. The results were compared with those of healthy individuals of corresponding age and gender.
Results: There was no significant difference in the abdominal aortic diameter between controls and patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency when corrected for age, sex and body surface area (men p = 0.20, women p = 0.10). Men with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency showed significantly lower stiffness in the abdominal aorta compared to controls (p = 0.025), whereas women did not (p = 0.17).
Conclusions: No significant difference in abdominal aortic diameter could be detected in patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency compared with controls. However, aortic distensibility in men with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency is altered. This may reflect early vessel wall abnormality.