Heart failure is characterised by a triad comprising cardiac abnormality, exercise limitation
and neurohormonal activation. The 2% of the adult population who suffer with heart failure …

Plasma volume, the intravascular portion of the extracellular fluid volume, can be measured
using standard dilution techniques with radiolabeled tracer molecules. In healthy persons …

Objectives: We sought to describe the relationship between cholesterol and survival in
patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Background: Increasing lipoprotein levels are a …

Background—Neurohormonal activation characterizes chronic heart failure, relates to
outcome, and is a therapeutic target. It is not known whether a similar pattern of …

Objectives: This study was undertaken to assess the hematologic, clinical, and biochemical
response to intravenous iron in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and anemia …

The development of chronic heart failure (CHF) includes phenotypic changes in a host of
homeostatic systems so that, as the disease advances, CHF may be seen as a multi-system …

Chronic heart failure is a state of immune activation, and endotoxin is a potential trigger for
cytokine production. Our aim was to study whether immune activation and endotoxemia …

Background—C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a vasodilator produced by the vascular
endothelium. It shares structural and physiological properties with the cardiac hormones …

Anemia is such a common finding in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) 1–3 that we may
underestimate its physiologic relevance. Because the clinical symptoms of anemia may not …

Background Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a hyperuricemic state, and capillary endothelium
is the predominant site of xanthine oxidase in the vasculature. Upregulated xanthine …