H eart failure affects 1 million to 2 million adults in the United States alone. 1 In the majority
of patients, an inexorable, although often slow, deterioration of ventricular function occurs …

This review summarizes the detrimental effects of cigarette and noncigarette emission
exposure on autonomic function, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms of acute and …

In chronic heart failure (HF) from systolic cardiac dysfunc-tion, the degree of exercise
intolerance is not directly related to the degree of cardiac weakness. 1–5 Somewhat …

BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation is common in advanced heart failure, but its prognostic
significance is controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated the relation of atrial …

Objectives: The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that exercise training reduces
resting sympathetic neural activation in patients with chronic advanced heart failure …

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have associated neurohumoral excitation, as estimated
by plasma norepinephrine levels, with increased mortality in heart failure. However, the …

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the importance of syncope as a warning
sign for sudden death in advanced heart failure and to determine the relative importance of …

Importance Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have gained unprecedented popularity, but
virtually nothing is known about their cardiovascular risks. Objective To test the hypothesis …

Objectives. We attempted to determine whether changes in heart failure therapy since 1989
have altered the prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation. Background. Atrial fibrillation …

Objectives. This study was designed to examine the relation of the Poincaré plot heart rate
variability pattern to sympathetic nervous system activity as assessed by serum …