Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of vascular disease worldwide. Its major clinical
manifestations include ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial …

• The specific situation of the patient. Unless otherwise provided for by national regulations,
off-label use of medication should be limited to situations where it is in the patient's interest …

Diabetes is a common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but in aggregate, non-
diabetic diseases account for a higher proportion of cases of CKD than diabetes in many …

Background Lowering LDL cholesterol with statin regimens reduces the risk of myocardial
infarction, ischaemic stroke, and the need for coronary revascularisation in people without …

Background Large trials have shown that sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2)
inhibitors reduce the risk of adverse kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with …

Importance In China, diabetes prevalence has increased substantially in recent decades,
but there are no reliable estimates of the excess mortality currently associated with diabetes …

Background Statin therapy is effective for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular
disease and is widely prescribed, but there are persisting concerns that statin therapy might …

Background Most large, prospective studies of the effects of diabetes on mortality have
focused on high-income countries where patients have access to reasonably good medical …

Background Change in albuminuria as a surrogate endpoint for progression of chronic
kidney disease is strongly supported by biological plausibility, but empirical evidence to …

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline is causally associated with kidney failure and is a
candidate surrogate endpoint for clinical trials of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression …